Instrument details

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Instrument Title

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

View PDF - The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS)_Zigmond.pdf

Source Article

Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361. Snaith, R. P. (2003). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 1, 29.

Response Options

0= No, not at all
1= No, not much
2= Yes sometimes
3= Yes definitely

Survey Items

  1. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night.
  2. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all.
  3. I feel miserable and sad.
  4. I feel anxious when I got out of the house on my own.
  5. I have lost interest in things.
  6. I get palpitations, or sensations of ‘butterflies’ in my stomach or chest.
  7. I have a good appetite.
  8. I feel scared of frightened.
  9. I feel life is not worth living.
  10. I still enjoy things I used to do.
  11. I am restless and can’t keep still.
  12. I am more irritable than usual.
  13. I feel as if I have slowed down.
  14. Worrying thoughts constantly go through my mind.

Internal Reliability

Cronbach's alpha for HADS-A varied from .68 to .93 (mean .83) and for HADS-D from .67 to .90 (mean .82) in Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002). The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale:: An updated literature review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 52(2), 69-77.

Validity

Convergent validity in Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002). The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale:: An updated literature review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 52(2), 69-77.

Google Scholar

View article on Google Scholar

Terms Of Use

Individuals may use this information for research or educational purposes only and may not use this information for commercial purposes. When using this instrument, please cite:

Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361. Snaith, R. P. (2003). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 1, 29.

When presenting results using any survey information you obtained from the SABI, please acknowledge the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), an NIH funded program P30 AI50410.