Instrument details

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Instrument Title

HIV-related stigma and discrimination (SAD) scale

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Source Article

Feyissa, G. T., Abebe, L., Girma, E., & Woldie, M. (2012). Validation of an HIV-related stigma scale among health care providers in a resource-poor Ethiopian setting. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 5, 97–113. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S29789

Response Options

4-point Likert scale (Specific response options depended on subscale)

Survey Items

Questions related to reactions with PLHIV
Please indicate if you have strong fear of HIV transmission (A), if you have fear of HIV transmission (B), do not have fear of HIV transmission (C), or if you will never have fear of HIV transmission in the following circumstances (D).

  1. Touching the sweat of a person with HIV or AIDS?
  2. Touching the saliva of a person with HIV or AIDS?
  3. Giving an injection to a person with HIV or AIDS?
  4. Caring for a person with HIV or AIDS?
  5. Dressing the wounds of a person with HIV or AIDS?
  6. Conducting surgery on or suturing a person with HIV or AIDS?
  7. Putting an intravenous drip in someone who is showing signs of AIDS?

    8. Do you strongly disagree (A), disagree (B), agree (C), or strongly agree (D) with each statement?

  8. I am not comfortable assisting or being assisted by a colleague who is HIV-infected
  9. I am comfortable performing surgical or invasive procedures on clients whose HIV status is unknown
  10. I am comfortable providing health services to clients who are HIV-positive
  11. I am not comfortable sharing a bathroom with a colleague who is HIV-infected
  12. Clients who are sex workers deserve to receive the same level and quality of health care as other clients
  13. I avoid touching the clothing and belongings of clients known or suspected to have HIV for fear of becoming HIV-infected
  14. The most frequent mode of contracting HIV among health care providers is through work-related exposure
  15. Most HIV-positive health care providers get infected at work
  16. HIV is a punishment from God
  17. HIV is punishment for bad behavior
  18. People with HIV should be ashamed of themselves
  19. Promiscuous men spread HIV in our community
  20. Female prostitutes spread HIV
  21. I would feel ashamed if I was infected with HIV
  22. I would feel ashamed if someone in my family was infected with HIV

    23. In the past 12 months, have you seen or observed the following situations happening in this health care facility because a client was known to have or was suspected of having HIV/AIDS? Never (A), once or twice (B), several times (C), mostly (D).

  23. Receiving less care/attention than other clients
  24. Extra precautions being taken in the sterilization of instruments used on HIV-positive clients
  25. Requiring some clients to be tested for HIV before scheduling surgery
  26. Using latex gloves for performing noninvasive exams on clients suspected of having HIV
  27. Because a client is HIV-positive, a senior health care provider assigned client to junior health care providers
  28. Testing the client for HIV without his/her consent
  29. Health care providers gossiping about a client’s HIV status

    30. Is there anyone you know if the health care facility who is HIV-positive, but has not yet shown signs and symptoms of AIDS? How did you know that he/she has HIV infection? Never (A), once or twice (B), several times (C), mostly (D).

  30. The infected person told me her/himself
  31. Family member of infected person told me
  32. Community member told me
  33. I heard through general gossip/rumors
  34. I heard from a health care provider where the person was tested
  35. I read his/her health care institution record

Internal Reliability

Cronbach’s α = ranged from 0.85-0.95 (depending on the subscale)

Validity

Construct validity

Google Scholar

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Terms Of Use

Individuals may use this information for research or educational purposes only and may not use this information for commercial purposes. When using this instrument, please cite:

Feyissa, G. T., Abebe, L., Girma, E., & Woldie, M. (2012). Validation of an HIV-related stigma scale among health care providers in a resource-poor Ethiopian setting. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 5, 97–113. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S29789

When presenting results using any survey information you obtained from the SABI, please acknowledge the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), an NIH funded program P30 AI50410.